Abundance: common
What: young seed pods, mature seeds
How: cooked
Where: sunny, arid, limestone soils
When: summer, fall, winter
Nutritional Value: calories
Dangers: thorns are sharp
Leaf Arrangement: Leaves are compound and alternately arranged along the stems.
Leaf Shape: The leaves are pinnately compound, consisting of multiple small leaflets.
Leaf Venation: Pinnate venation is observed in the leaflets.
Leaf Margin: Leaflets typically have entire (smooth) margins.
Leaf Color: The leaflets are green, with a slightly lighter color on the underside.
Flower Structure: Flowers are small and typically have five yellow petals. They are arranged in clusters along the branches.
Flower Color: The flowers are bright yellow, adding a vibrant touch to the tree.
Fruit: The fruit is a long, narrow pod, brown when mature, containing seeds.
Seed: Seeds are small, brown, and numerous within the elongated pods.
Bark: The bark is typically smooth, green when young, and turns flakey brown with age. Trunk and branches have sharp thorns.
Hairs: Lacking in hairs.
Height: Jerusalem Thorn trees can grow to a height of 15 to 20 feet, forming a graceful and airy canopy.
A profusion of flowers appear in the spring and in lesser numbers throughout the rest of the year.
Close-up of Retama flower.
The green, somewhat scaly trunks have sharp thorns.
Retama branches are also wickedly thorny.
Cooked seedpods are edible when young, tender, and green. Generally the flatter the better. These are already a bit thick.
Brown, dried seedpods contain edible beans.
Close-ups of mature seedpod.
Close-up of seeds.
Texas distribution, attributed to U. S. Department of Agriculture. The marked counties are guidelines only. Plants may appear in other counties, especially if used in landscaping.
North American distribution, attributed to U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Dotting the arid areas of southern and west Texas, the wispy, green, multi-trunked, alien-looking Retama tree is truly a marvel. Also known as "Jerusalem Thorn Tree" and "Tree of Life" this tree lives up to both those names. While young its bark is relatively smooth, green, and like many desert plants, it has many thorns. The leaves grow in long, almost pine needle-like fronds that many small, alternating, oval leaflets. In the springtime these trees are covered with yellow flowers which also appear the rest of the year in smaller numbers. Each flower turns into a small, flat, green, edible seedpods that mature into up to 8" long, brown, lumpy seedpods. The dried seeds are a mottled brown-gray color.
When still young and tender, the Retama seed pods can be cooked like green beans. The hard, mature beans have been ground into flour or cooked like domestic dried beans. The flavor is improved if the bean's outer coat is removed before use but due to the size and hardness this can be tricky. Soaking the beans overnight may help soften their coat making it easier to remove.
The leaves and young seedpods make excellent food for most grazing animals.
Native Americans used tea made from the leaves and young branches of Retama to treat pain, fevers, urinary tract infections, and also for lowering blood sugar in diabetics.
When stressed, Retama will drop their leaves but continue to photosynthesize using chlorophyl in their green bark.
Buy my book! Outdoor Adventure Guides Foraging covers 70 of North America's tastiest and easy to find wild edibles shown with the same big pictures as here on the Foraging Texas website.
Buy my book! Outdoor Adventure Guides Foraging covers 70 of North America's tastiest and easy to find wild edibles shown with the same big pictures as here on the Foraging Texas website.
